Friday, January 24, 2020
A Tibetan Perspective on Birth and Death Essay -- Death Religion
Many religions and philosophies attempt to answer the question, what happens after a person dies? Some religions such as Christianity and Islam believe there is an afterlife. They believe that good and moral people enter Heaven or paradise and that bad and immoral people go to Hell. Other religions and cultures believe that death is final, and that nothing happens after a person dies. Buddhism and Hinduism have a different idea about death. Both of these religions originated in India. Buddhists and Hindus believe that death is not final. They believe that a person comes back after he or she dies. This process is known as reincarnation, and it provides opportunities for people to enter the world multiple times in different forms. Buddhists and Hindus want to reenter the world as humans, and they want to improve their status through reincarnation. In ancient India, many members of lower casts wanted to come back as members of higher casts. While this is an important goal of reincarnati on, the main goal is to reach either moksha (Hinduism) or nirvana (Buddhism). In other words, the goal is to reach a point of spiritual enlightenment that removes the person from the reincarnation process. Geoff Childs, an anthropologist examines the views of the Buddhist religion by studying the lives of the people in Tibetan villages. He looks at issues that adversely affect these people such as infant mortality. He carefully looks at the lives of people who have been left behind by deceased loved ones, and he pays careful attention to customs and traditions surrounding death. Tibetan Buddhists view death as a means of reaching spiritual perfection, and they seek to reach this level of spiritual perfection through living spiritually meaningful lives.... ...eath is is not a cessation in Buddhism. Death can be seen as a new beginning. A new opportunity to reach spiritual perfection. Infant mortality is a difficult subject to talk about for many Tibetan parents. Survivors are often faced with poverty and other extreme hardships after the loss of a loved one. However, Buddhism provides great comfort to survivors by teaching that Earthly bodies are impermanent. Tibetan cremation procedures place great emphasis on reincarnation. Tibetan views about death are focused on nirvana and spiritual perfection. These practices are spiritually meaningful for both the living survivors and the dead. Works Cited 1 Geoff Childs Tibetan Diary From Birth to Death and Beyond in a Himalayan Valley of Nepal (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004) 41. 2 Ibid., 54. 3Ibid., 54. 4 Ibid., 54 5 Ibid., 146. 6 Ibid., 147.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Police Control of Juveniles Essay
The paper that was written by Donald J. Black and Albert J. Reiss Jr. started by the definition of the deviance as a behavior in a group wherein there is a chance that there is a sanction when deviant behaviors are detected. This control approach as defined by the authors is a process carried on with the analysis, detection and the process of giving the adequate sanctions in the process of policing the juveniles.            Donald J. Black, as one of the authors of the study, was a professor of the social sciences at the University of Virginia. He completed his doctorate at the University of Michigan during the nineteen sixties. He pursued his post doctoral studies at Yale Law School as a Russell Sage Fellow in Law and law and social sciences. After that, he moved to the Harvard University during nineteen seventy nine. Where he held appointments in law school and the sociology department where he also used to be in the Yale School. After that, he taught as Law School teacher when he moved to the University of Virginia in the nineteen eighties.Due to his professorship, he is able to teach in any of the different schools and departments of the university.            Due to his wide experience in teaching and studies, he has numerous publications in the sociology of morality, law and conflict. Due to the expanding works o f Black, it includes works such as theory of the differential success of ideas, a theory of scientific theory, theory of scienticity, and theories of the behaviors of natural beings. The 1994 theory Prize plus the Distinguished Book Award of the American Sociological Association due to his most recent work: the Social Structure of Right and Wrong. His other work also include: (1) Behavior of Law which was translated to different languages; (2) The Manners and Customs of the Police and Sociological Justice, and ; (3) an article which has won him the Distinguished Scholarship Award still from the American Sociological Association entitled â€Å"The Epistemology of Pure Sociology†a recent article that was published in Law and Social Inquiry. He was also an editor of the Oxford University Press for the books called â€Å"Studies on Law and Social Control†.            Moreover, his popularity made him invitees as speakers and lecturers to a number of countries in the world: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, France, Scotland, Poland, England and Japan. Furthermore, he is father and founder of a sociological class which includes no psychology or even people as such. This sociological class is known as pure sociology. This sociological class is believed to publish a book regarding the subject with the title â€Å" the Death of the Person†. Also, other works such as a book-length project about a general theory about the prediction and explanation of the existence and of struggle in human relationships.            Another author, Albert J. Reiss is considered one of the greatest influences of the Penn Criminology. Reiss’ work’s distinct and uniform emphasis on the organized field research and evidence-based policy is considered the trademark of Penn Criminology.            Albert Reiss has been the research director for President Lyndon Johnson’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice during the nineteen sixties. Using laboratory like procedures and precision and direct observations, he has able to introduce a fresh way of studying violence. Due to his works, he has found out that the endangerment of having violence directly depends on the type of police encounter. The two types of police encounter is â€Å"proactive†and â€Å"reactive†. The first relies on the idea that the police has been invited by a person who is present in the area to intervene in the situation while the second one refers to the idea that the police has intervened in a situation even without the invitation of the people whoa are present in the scene. This means that the police has intervened in the situation at their own expense. From the results of the researches conducted by Reiss, he theorized that police encounters on situations with the consent of the people around brings about less resistance compared to the situations wherein the police has intervened on their own which brings about more resistance from the civilians that brings more violence. Reiss’ studies has made headlines that almost seventy five percent of all the white police exhibits racial discrimination against black civilians. However, the results of Reiss’ studies brings about the fact that there in no significant difference in the brutality of the police against black and white. He also found out that both races has been illegally assaulted and brutally treated in front of the public either during their arrest or not. Aside from Reiss’ project on police control, he also introduced the method of using surveys and studies of reported crimes. This method has detected high rates of undetected delinquent works among middle and upper class juveniles.            Reiss was born in Cascade, Wisconsin on December 9, 1922. He studied at Marquette University, however, he disturbed his studies by joining the US Army Air Corps in World War II by serving as a meteorologist. He finished his doctoral studies in sociology at the University of Chicago. While teaching at the university, he also led some studies regarding probation, juvenile and neighborhood delinquency. When he finished his doctoral studies during 1949, he was promoted to assistant professor. After that, he shifted to Vanderbilt University as he was delegated the chairman of the Sociology Department of the university in the 1952. After serving as the Chairman of the sociology department in the Vanderbilt University, in 1959, he moved to University of Iowa, then University of Wisconsin and then, finally serving as the chairman of sociology at the University of Michigan in 1961. He began doing his field research about police in the University of Michigan. And then, from 1970, until the year he retired in 1993, he began teaching at the Yale University. During his stay in Yale, he published â€Å"The Police and the Public†, his most influential writing about social organizations regarding police confrontation with citizens. He spent his time serving as a senior adviser to ranges of surveys, experiments and researches in Europe, United States and Asia.            Basically, the research that was conducted by Black and Reiss is about finding results on the official detection and countenance of juvenile aberrant. In the investigation, the study is centered on the specific conditions that would in effect cause the chance of having sanction by arrest with relation to the involvement of the police force in certain situations. In general, the study is about processing a control method for juvenile deviance. In relation, the study is also inclined to the interaction that is happening between the juveniles and the representatives of the police system. According to the research conducted: (1) most of the representatives of the legal system’s engagement with juveniles would come up due to the direct response of the citizens who take the drive in mobilizing the police during situations; (2) a high fraction of juvenile and police encounters occurs due to reasons that are of minor significance; (3) t he chance of having certain sanctions due to arrest was found out to be very low for the juveniles who have had encounters with the police; (4) the chances of having arrest increases with the alleged seriousness of juvenile offenses as defined by the criminal law for adults; (5) the way the representatives of the legal force sanctions the juveniles is directly dependent on the preferences of the complaints of the citizens during encounters; (6) there is highly significant difference between the number of blacks that are detained than the number of whites detained, however, there is low or even no evidence of racial discrimination; (7) situational evidence is very important in correlating the act of juveniles in order for an arrest to take place; and, (8) the chances of having arrest is most likely in respectful juveniles than those who are disrespectful.            The research continues from the deviance definition and is defined as applicable to any class of behavior wherein there is a great possibility of a sanction that is negative and is regardless of its detection. From the eight ideas that were gained from the research, it was known that there are different factors that relates the detection of the negative sanctions particularly the sanctioning of juveniles. Therefore, the research was made in order for the instances and factors that requires control for the existence of the situation. Moreover, the aim of the research was definitely to discover and investigate the organization of deviance and control.            The study of Reiss and Black about the juvenile control has examined the officers and the representatives of legal system’s encounter with the juveniles. They have employed a wide range of methods involving orderly approaches and systematic social observations. The research also took into account the actions that are done by the police and the juveniles in each of the different situations that they have encountered. They have also included the actions and reactions made by the police in their multiple attempts to resolve situations with juveniles. The research has also brought to public a more clear view of the kinds and varieties of offenses and situations in which juveniles can be involved. Moreover, the research also includes a broader scope on the situations that may bring about the juveniles into juvenile justice system and the like.            Generally, the research conducted by Black, Reiss and Lundman is focused on the decisions that are made by the members of the legal system when it comes to juvenile cases and in police-juvenile encounters. Another study conducted by Worden and Myers has similar scopes and documentations. This independent study in the other hand, is focused on the practices that can be observed in police and the representatives of the legal system during encounters and arrest of juveniles. This research also focused on the other forms anf kinds of the authorities that are used by the police such as, investigative tactics, advising, threats and commands. Still another study focuses itself on the contact records from 1968 to 1975 and analyzes the practices that are used by the police members in arresting juveniles. This research has been done Sealock and Simpson.            Generally, all of the studies that ere conducted were very similar to each other. They are focused on the decisions that are made by the police and the members of the legal system during or not during arrest and confrontations. All the researches aims to know the factors that helps the police and the legal system members decide on what certain actions are they going implement and what factors are they going to consider in implementing such actions.            There are also studies that only replicates the works of Reiss and Black. A study that is conducted by Lundman, Richard, Richard E. Sykes and John P. Clark entitled Prevention and Control of Juvenile Delinquency. For the author, Richard Lundman achieved his doctoral studies in the University of Minnesota in the 1973. Dr. Lundman is also an alumni and a distinguished professor at the Ohio State University. Lundman’s areas of expertise is in the deviance, white collar and corporate deviance, criminology, juvenile delinquency rate, race, ethnicity, policing and gender. He has also garnered certain awards such as Excellence in instruction Award of the Department of 2002 Sociology Undergraduate Students at the Ohio University. Also, he is recognized as an outstanding faculty member of the Ohio State University during 1997.            This work has been repeatedly updated and in its third edition, the work has been really updated and has included primary trends in the environment. It also covers neighborhood and  individual based origins of juvenile delinquency. The research also covers the study on the problems which includes the minority problems of ever representation i n the justice system. The study also include the situations pertaining to diversion.  It is also concerned with the vital projects that are fundamentally shaping the ideas, decisions and thoughts or actions regarding crimes that are achieved by the youth. The author of the study also added the idea that the things that has been done in the past should also be the ones to be done in the future. He also believed that doing less to the juveniles than doing more to them will be of great help to them.            Primarily, the research that was conducted by the author of the replication of the works of Black and Reiss supports the ideas that were given by the first research. The second research that was conducted by Lundman also believes on the ideas regarding the effects and results given by the reactions of the citizens and the juveniles in certain situations. Moreover, ideas that were presented in the second research were only reiterations of the first research. However, there are only certain changes in the scope and the primary concern of the research. Generally, there the scope and the primary concern of the research was broadened in the second research. The first research has only limited its scope in the juveniles and the representatives of the legal system before engaging in arrests and sanctions. It is also concerned with the results and the effects of the reactions and actions of both the juvenile, the representatives of the legal system as well as the citizens that are present in the situation. However, in the second research, it mostly is concerned with the broadening of the scope and the concerns of the research. If the first research is only about the juveniles and the representatives of the legal system, the second research has also included the reasons and effects that brought about the reactions of youth and the reasons that bring them into crimes.            As a summary, the two researches that were conducted by the three different authors are really of great help to the society, representatives of the legal system but also to the juvenile personalities inside and even outside the corners of the prison cell. It also aids in bringing out the idea that the possibility of racial criticism that is believed to be experienced by the black juveniles. Racial discrimination is believed to have been done by the representatives of the legal system during situations wherein the ones that achieved crimes are black. Discrimination is also believed to have been practiced by the police during application of sanctions. For so long, racial discrimination among the blacks and the whites is very rampant and is still believed that it can be still observed in certain situations nowadays. However, due to the researches conducted, it was discovered that the belief that racial discrimination can still be observed in the police and the manner of application of the sanctions to the juvenile is denied. Also, the researches has also set the ideas regarding the actions and reactions that can be observed during police involvement in certain situations. Reference New York Times (2006) In Memoriam: Albert j. Reiss Jr. Retrived, November 30, 2007, from http://www.crim.upenn.edu/reiss.htm. Sage Publications. (1978). Police Control of Juveniles. Retrieved, November 29, 2007, from http://jrc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/1/74. URMMA. Juveniles, Police Model Policy. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.urmma.org/html/juveniles.html. Division of Criminal Justice (1990). Juvenile Matters. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.state.nj.us/lps/dcj/agguide/juvenile.htm. Sherman, Lawrence. Criminologist Albert Reiss Dies at 83; Pioneered Research on Violence. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from www.yale.edu/sociology/news/docs/reiss_obituary_nyt.pdf. SCCgov. (2007). Representation for Juveniles. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from sccgov.org/portal/site/scc/chlevel3?path=/v7/SCC Public Portal/. New Hampshire Bar Association. The Rights of Juveniles. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.nhbar.org/for-the-public/the-rights-of-juveniles.asp. Black, D. and Reiss, A. Police Control of Juveniles. American Sociological Review, Vol. 35, pp. 63-77. Â
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Essay on The Concept of Dual Addiction - 1232 Words
The Concept of Dual Addiction This research paper will focus on the concept of dual addiction specifically, that of alcohol addiction and simultaneous nicotine addiction. I should make note at this point of my personal interest in the addictive process is a result of the existence of addiction in my family. I have experienced and observed the chaos, hardships and tragedies in my family as a result of the progressive nature of the addiction process. First, I would like to provide a general definition of addiction. Addiction is the repetition of a behavior or behaviors in a habitual or obsessive manner in the face of continued or progressively worsening consequences. Twelve step programs have labeled it as a disease of the mind, body†¦show more content†¦Alcohol addicts its victims both psychologically and physically. As the psychological addiction progresses, so does the physical dependency as well. Alcohol is consisted of both ethyl and methyl alcohol. The ethyl alcohol is what gives a person feel good. Ethyl alcohol is quickly absorbed into the blood stream. Methyl alcohol is similar to embalming fluid, takes longer to breakdown and is responsible for the morning after hangover. The traditional cure for a hangover is to have another drink. Drinking more slows down the methyl alcohol while the body absorbs the ethyl alcohol, resulting in the person feeling good temporarily. The research that has been reviewed for this paper has utilized the Vietnam Era Twin, (VET), Registry consisting 3356 pairs of male twins. These twins were born between January 1, 1939 and December 31, 1955 and served in the military on active duty during the Vietnam War era (1965-1975). This follows a previously published study by Swan, Carmelli Cardon (1996), which reported a genetic correlation between smoking and alcohol consumption in male American World War Two veteran twins. 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Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Overview of Corn-Pone Opinions by Mark Twain
In an essay not published until several years after his death, humorist Mark Twain examines the effects of social pressures on our thoughts and beliefs. Corn-Pone Opinions is presented as an argument, says Davidson College English professor Ann M. Fox, not a sermon. Rhetorical questions, elevated language, and short clipped declarations . . . are part of this strategy. (The Mark Twain Encyclopedia, 1993) Corn-Pone Opinions by Mark Twain Fifty years ago, when I was a boy of fifteen and helping to inhabit a Missourian village on the banks of the Mississippi, I had a friend whose society was very dear to me because I was forbidden by my mother to partake of it. He was a gay and impudent and satirical and delightful young black man--a slave--who daily preached sermons from the top of his masters woodpile, with me for sole audience. He imitated the pulpit style of the several clergymen of the village and did it well, and with fine passion and energy. To me, he was a wonder. I believed he was the greatest orator in the United States and would some day be heard from. But it did not happen; in the distribution of rewards, he was overlooked. It is the way, in this world. He interrupted his preaching, now and then, to saw a stick of wood; but the sawing was a pretense--he did it with his mouth; exactly imitating the sound the bucksaw makes in shrieking its way through the wood. But it served its purpose; it kept his master from coming out to see how the work was getting along. I listened to the sermons from the open window of a lumber room at the back of the house. One of his texts was this: You tell me whar a man gits his corn pone, en Ill tell you what his pinions is. I can never forget it. It was deeply impressed upon me. By my mother. Not upon my memory, but elsewhere. She had slipped in upon me while I was absorbed and not watching. The black philosophers idea was that a man is not independent, and cannot afford views which might interfere with his bread and butter. If he would prosper, he must train with the majority; in matters of large moment, like politics and religion, he must think and feel with the bulk of his neighbors or suffer damage in his social standing and in his business prosperities. He must restrict himself to corn-pone opinions--at least on the surface. He must get his opinions from other people; he must reason out none for himself; he must have no first-hand views. I think Jerry was right, in the main, but I think he did not go far enough. It was his idea that a man conforms to the majority view of his locality by calculation and intention.This happens, but I think it is not the rule.It was his idea that there is such a thing as a first-hand opinion; an original opinion; an opinion which is coldly reasoned out in a mans head, by a searching analysis of the facts involved, with the heart unconsulted, and the jury room closed against outside influences. It may be that such an opinion has been born somewhere, at some time or other, but I suppose it got away before they could catch it and stuff it and put it in the museum. I am persuaded that a coldly-thought-out and independent verdict upon a fashion in clothes, or manners, or literature, or politics, or religion, or any other matter that is projected into the field of our notice and interest, is a most rare thing--if it has indeed ever existed. A new thing in costume appears--the flaring hoopskirt, for example--and the passers-by are shocked, and the irreverent laugh. Six months later everybody is reconciled; the fashion has established itself; it is admired, now, and no one laughs. Public opinion resented it before, public opinion accepts it now and is happy in it. Why? Was the resentment reasoned out? Was the acceptance reasoned out? No. The instinct that moves to conformity did the work. It is our nature to conform; it is a force which not many can successfully resist. What is its seat? The inborn requirement of self-approval. We all have to bow to that; there are no exceptions. Even the woman who refuses from first to last to wear the hoopskirt comes under that law and is its slave; she could not wear the skirt and have her own approval; and that she must have, she cannot help herself. But as a rule, our self-approval has its source in but one place and not elsewhere--the approval of other people. A person of vast conse quences can introduce any kind of novelty in dress and the general world will presently adopt it--moved to do it, in the first place, by the natural instinct to passively yield to that vague something recognized as authority, and in the second place by the human instinct to train with the multitude and have its approval. An empress introduced the hoopskirt, and we know the result. A nobody introduced the bloomer, and we know the result. If Eve should come again, in her ripe renown, and reintroduce her quaint styles--well, we know what would happen. And we should be cruelly embarrassed, along at first. The hoopskirt runs its course and disappears. Nobody reasons about it. One woman abandons the fashion; her neighbor notices this and follows her lead; this influences the next woman; and so on and so on, and presently the skirt has vanished out of the world, no one knows how nor why, nor cares, for that matter. It will come again, by and by and in due course will go again. Twenty-five years ago, in England, six or eight wine glasses stood grouped by each persons plate at a dinner party, and they were used, not left idle and empty; today there are but three or four in the group, and the average guest sparingly uses about two of them. We have not adopted this new fashion yet, but we shall do it presently. We shall not think it out; we shall merely conform, and let it go at that. We get our notions and habits and opinions from outside influences; we do not have to study them out. Our table manners, and company manners, and street manners change from time to time, but the changes are not reasoned out; we merely notice and conform. We are creatures of outside influences; as a rule, we do not think, we only imitate. We cannot invent standards that will stick; what we mistake for standards are only fashions, and perishable. We may continue to admire them, but we drop the use of them. We notice this in literature. Shakespeare is a standard, and fifty years ago we used to write tragedies which we couldnt tell from--from somebody elses; but we dont do it any more, now. Our prose standard, three quarters of a century ago, was ornate and diffuse; some authority or other changed it in the direction of compactness and simplicity, and conformity followed, without argument. The historical novel starts up suddenly and sweeps the land. Everybody writes one, and the nation is glad. We had historical novels before; but nobody read them, and the rest of us  conformed--without reasoning it out. We are conforming in the other way, now, because it is another case of everybody. The outside influences are always pouring in upon us, and we are always obeying their orders and accepting their verdicts. The Smiths like the new play; the Joneses go to see it, and they copy the Smith verdict. Morals, religions, politics, get their following from surrounding influences and atmospheres, almost entirely; not from study, not from thinking. A man must and will have his own approval first of all, in each and every moment and circumstance of his life--even if he must repent of a self-approved act the moment after its commission, in order to get his self-approval again: but, speaking in general terms, a mans self-approval in the large concerns of life has its source in the approval of the peoples about him, and not in a searching personal examination of the matter. Mohammedans are Mohammedans because they are born and reared among that sect, not because they have thought it out and can furnish sound reasons for being Mohammedans; we know why Catholics are Catholics; why P resbyterians are Presbyterians; why Baptists are Baptists; why Mormons are Mormons; why thieves are thieves; why monarchists are monarchists; why Republicans are Republicans and Democrats, Democrats. We know it is a matter of association and sympathy, not reasoning and examination; that hardly a man in the world has an opinion upon morals, politics, or religion which he got otherwise than through his associations and sympathies. Broadly speaking, there are none but corn-pone opinions. And broadly speaking, corn-pone stands for self-approval. Self-approval is acquired mainly from the approval of other people. The result is conformity. Sometimes conformity has a sordid business interest--the bread-and-butter interest--but not in most cases, I think. I think that in the majority of cases it is unconscious and not calculated; that it is born of the human beings natural yearning to stand well with his fellows and have their inspiring approval and praise--a yearning which is commonly so s trong and so insistent that it cannot be effectually resisted, and must have its way. A political emergency brings out the corn-pone opinion in fine force in its two chief varieties--the pocketbook variety, which has its origin in self-interest, and the bigger variety, the sentimental variety--the one which cant bear to be outside the pale; cant bear to be in disfavor; cant endure the averted face and the cold shoulder; wants to stand well with his friends, wants to be smiled upon, wants to be welcome, wants to hear the precious words, Hes on the right track! Uttered, perhaps by an ass, but still an ass of high degree, an ass whose approval is gold and diamonds to a smaller ass, and confers glory and honor and happiness, and membership in the herd. For these gauds, many a man will dump his lifelong principles into the street, and his conscience along with them. We have seen it happen. In some millions of instances. Men think they think upon great political questions, and they do; but they think with their party, not independently; they read its literature, but not that of the other side; they arrive at convictions, but they are drawn from a partial view of the matter in hand and are of no particular value. They swarm with their party, they feel with their party, they are happy in their partys approval; and where the party leads they will follow, whether for right and honor or through blood and dirt and a mush of mutilated morals. In our late canvass half of the nation passionately believed that in silver lay salvation, the other half as passionately believed that that way lay destruction. Do you believe that a tenth part of the people, on either side, had any rational excuse for having an opinion about the matter at all? I studied that mighty question to the bottom--and came out empty. Half of our people passionately believe in high tariff, the other half believe otherwise. Does this mean study and examination, or only feeling? The latter, I think. I have deeply studied that question, too--and didnt arrive. We all do no end of feeling, and we mistake it for thinking. And out of it, we get an aggregation which we consider a Boon. Its name is Public Opinion. It is held in reverence. It settles everything. Some think it the Voice of God. Praps. I suppose that in more cases than we should like to admit, we have two sets of opinions: one private, the other public; one secret and sincere, the other corn-pone, and more or less tainted. Written in 1901, Mark Twains Corn-Pone Opinions was first published in 1923 in Europe and Elsewhere, edited by Albert Bigelow Paine (Harper Brothers).
Monday, December 23, 2019
Criminal Justice System And The United States - 2397 Words
The population of offenders in correctional institutions in the United States is at an alarming amount, and it doesn’t have to be. Each year 7 million offenders are absorbed and expelled from correctional institutions and jails, placing a heavy burden on the criminal justice system (Morgan, 2011). Many of these offenders will recidivate, and with rates that are estimated at 70%, means 4.9 million will eventually return to the criminal justice system, creating a vicious cycle of arrest, re-arrest, and imprisonment (Morgan, 2011). Among this population are offenders with mental illnesses that need to be addressed, or specialized care that needs to be administered. Without the support of mental health programs such as mental health court,†¦show more content†¦Mental Health Court Mental Health Court plays a key role in the justice systems ability to filter out offenders who require appropriate prison sentences, against the needs of people with severe mental illnesses. Mental Health Courts are the first step in combating this growing population, and provide a link between court supervision and mental health services (Almquist Dodd, 2009). Almquist Dodd also explain that with the growing number of offenders with mental illnesses entering the criminal justice system, court staff is having a hard time keeping up (2009). With an already limited number of resources, there was little recourse but to cycle them through the criminal justice system. Mental health court provides the necessary relief to the courts by instead of dropping charges for low-level offenses or cycling them through corrections, they are enrolled in a program that can last between 6 months and 2 years and provide life changing specialized care (Almquist Dodd, 2009). While the original program was only open to offenders with misdemeanor charges, recently more courts have been open to accepting offenders with felony charges, and sometimes violent offenders (Almquist Dodd, 2009). The Almquist and Dodd also explain that in 18 months into the program mental health court
Saturday, December 14, 2019
The Lesson of Romeo and Juliet Free Essays
Stephanie Lloyd Ms. Christenson English 9 May 19, 2010 The Lesson of Romeo and Juliet What happens when you are in love with an enemy of your family? In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet this is just the case. Romeo and Juliet are two teenagers madly in love with each other, yet their families are at war. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lesson of Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two of them take all the risks to be together and deceive their parents time and time again. Many spectators of this play say that the lesson of Romeo and Juliet is that children should not deceive their parents. This is not the lesson at all. The lesson of Romeo and Juliet is that if love is strong enough, you’ll die for it. In the play, Juliet and her nurse do numerous things to keep Romeo and Juliet together. Romeo has Juliet tell her nurse to get him a ladder so that he can climb over the walls of the Capulet’s to see Juliet at night. The two of them are not afraid to do anything they have to for them to be able to see each other. Romeo and Juliet went as far as to go to Friar Lawrence and get married. Their love was so strong that they were willing to take the chance of losing everything just to be together, even if it meant dieing for on another. For example, in the play the Capulet’s, Juliet’s family and the Montague’s, Romeo’s family are at war. The two families hate each other, yet when Romeo and Juliet fall in love the nurse does everything to help hide it. Juliet tells her nurse that she is in love with Romeo, and the nurse keeps it a secret because she knows what would happen if Lady Capulet or Capulet, Juliet’s family found out. Juliet’s nurse knows that if she is caught hiding this secret that she will be severely punished. She helps the two of them be together even though she fears the risks of doing so. The nurse is more of Juliet’s mother than Lady Capulet is. This is the main reason that she helps Juliet so much. The nurse even gets Romeo a ladder so that he will be able to climb over the walls of the Capulet’s so that he can see Juliet at night. She hides everything from the Capulet’s, tells them lies about where Juliet is when she is seeing Romeo, and at night when Juliet is talking to Romeo and Lady Capulet is coming the nurse warns her so that the two of them wont get caught together. Yes the two of them were deceiving their parents, but they were doing it for love. They did not just do it because they could, it was simply for the love that they had for one another. When you read this play you can feel the emotion through the words Romeo and Juliet speak. As another demonstration on how the lesson of this play is â€Å"if love is strong enough you will die for it†, Romeo and Juliet went against all odds and got married. The two of them went to Friar Lawrence and asked him to marry them. They all knew that this was extremely forbidden because of the war between the families. Friar Lawrence did not want to marry Romeo and Juliet at first, but then he thought that maybe it would end the feud between the two families. Romeo and Juliet, if caught, could have been in more trouble than they had ever imagined. They took this risk because they loved each other and wanted to be together at all costs. These two teenagers did everything they could to be together. The things that they told each other were the most powerful words of love that two people could exchange. Romeo and Juliet’s love was so strong that they were willing to do anything to stay together. Right before the two of them had planned to have sex to claim each other in their marriage, they were caught. Romeo was banished from Verona for having relations with Juliet. Capulet then told Juliet that she was to marry a boy named Paris. Juliet was heartbroken about this and tried everything that she could to get the wedding stalled so that she would have time to go and find Romeo. Juliet went to Friar Lawrence to ask him for some advice on what she should do. He gave her a potion that would make her sleep for 42 hours but everyone would think that she was dead. Juliet and Friar came up with the plan for Juliet to drink it the night before her wedding. The next day when no one could wake her everyone would think that she was dead. They would then have a funeral and Juliet would wake before they buried her and go to find Romeo. Things went wrong with the plan though. Friar had sent Romeo a letter telling him that Juliet would be alive, but it never got to him. Romeo returned to Verona and found Juliet. She had already taken the potion and Romeo thought that she was dead. In his eyes, if she was dead then he could not go on living. Romeo killed himself right before Juliet woke up from the affects of the potion. When Juliet woke up and saw that Romeo had killed himself she was devastated. She had lost the love of her life that she had done so much to be with. Juliet killed herself when she saw Romeo because she knew that she would be with him in heaven. The two of them were finally together in a place where no one could tear them apart. If love is strong enough, you’ll die for it. This is the real lesson of Romeo and Juliet. Juliet and her nurse did everything they could to keep Romeo and Juliet together. The nurse gave Romeo a ladder to be able to see Juliet at night. Romeo and Juliet even got married behind their families backs. This play shows just how strong love can be and how much two people can care for one another. Many think that they have a strong bond with another person, but a lot of the times it turns out to be nothing. Romeo and Juliet is a case of true undying love for another person. This play shows everyone what love truly is. Its not just something you say because you can, its something you say because you mean it. If you really love someone you’ll do anything to be with that person. Is the love you have with someone else strong enough to die for? How to cite The Lesson of Romeo and Juliet, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Financial Report Of Treasury Wine Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Financial Report Of Treasury Wine. Answer: Accounting items from the annual report Accounting receivable looking at the annual report of Treasury wine estates for the year ended 30th June 2016, it is found that the amount of account receivable for that year were amounted to $ 603.4 million and that was decreased from $ 504.9 million for the year 2015. The trade receivables of the company are recognised at the fair value initially and eventually it is calculated at the amortised cost, reduced by the allowance of the doubtful debts. The company generally allow 30-120 days credit based on the transaction nature. Further, the bad debt is allowed for reducing the carrying amount of the trade receivables on the basis of the outstanding amounts analysis at the reporting date where potential risk is found with regard to credit (Mathuva 2015). Plant, property and equipment looking at the annual report of Treasury wine estates for the year ended 30th June 2016, it is found that the amount of account receivable for that year were amounted to $ 603.4 million and that was decreased from $ 504.9 million for the year 2015. The property, plant and equipment of the company are recognised at the fair value initially and eventually it is reduced by the impairment loss, if any and accumulated depreciation (Hoskin, Fizzell and Cherry 2014). The depreciation is provided on the straight line method. The leased assets are written of over the useful life or term of lease whichever is lower. During the year no changes were made with regard to the depreciation. Importance of accounting items on annual report Accounts receivable account receivable is the money that is expected to be received by the company in future. Depend on the amount of receivable it can be assessed that whether the company is able to pay-off its short term obligation comfortably. Further, it reveals whether the company is able to generate sales to earn profit (Bruce-Twum and Mensah 2015). If very large amount is shown in the balance sheet it indicated that the company is not able to collect its dues on time or not as the dues for long time increases the risk of bad-debts. Plant, property and the equipment this is one of the most useful items under the balance sheet and it assists in getting the idea of regarding how intensive the assets is and the particular business model it follows for plant, property and equipment (Zack 2013). When the balance sheet of various companies are analysed under a specific industry or sector, the plant, property and equipment of the company are compared with the after tax profit in terms of dollar (Tweglobal.com/~/media/Files/Global/Annual-Reports/2016-Annual-Report.pdf 2017). If the business is more productive, it may indicate that the companys PPE is lower as con pared to the cash balance. Social impact of accounting items Accounts receivable if the societal impact is considered, receivables will be regarded as important item as it helps the society analyse the liquidity position of the company. If the company is not able to collect its dues on time the chances of bed-debts will go up which may even lead to dissolve of the company. Further, the company from whom the dues is to be received will be regarded as not efficient for investment. Plant, property and equipment it will have a big impact on the society if the company is not providing appropriate depreciation on the asset and the asset is in use even after the useful life of the asset got over, it may adversely affect the environment as well as the society. Further, the type of asset may have adverse impact on the society and the community under which the business operates. Reflection of annual report While analysing the annual report of Treasury Wine Estate for the year ended 30th June 2016, I found that the company prepares its financial statement based on the Corporation Act 2001 and the authoritative pronouncement in compliance with the AASB (Australian Accounting Standards Board). Further, the items are measured on the basis of historical cost except for some of the derivative instruments related to finance. I also found that the annual report of the company includes consolidated profit or loss account and the other comprehensive income, consolidated financial position report, consolidated changes in equity report and consolidated cash flows report. The report also includes the independent auditors report, directors report and directors remuneration report. The audit of the financial statements for the year ended 30th June 2016 was carried out by KPMG. While going through the annual report, I found that the report did not include any sustainability report, without that report the economic, social, governance and environmental performance of the company cannot be assessed. Further, the values were presented only in monetary terms. Moreover, the assets under balance sheet do not specify the factor that which of the asset can be sold and which are not. However, I found that the reports present clear data regarding the financial position of the company through consolidated profit or loss account and the other comprehensive income, consolidated financial position report, consolidated changes in equity report and consolidated cash flows report, it will be useful to the investors, creditors, and the lenders to assess the performance of the company. References Bruce-Twum, E., and Mensah, C. C. 2015. Financial Statement Analysis. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. and Cherry, D.C., 2014.Financial Accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Mathuva, D., 2015. The Influence of working capital management components on corporate profitability. Tweglobal.com/~/media/Files/Global/Annual-Reports/2016-Annual-Report.pdf. (2017). Annual report 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.tweglobal.com/~/media/Files/Global/Annual-Reports/2016-Annual-Report.pdf [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017]. Zack, G.M., 2013. Financial Statement Analysis.Financial Statement Fraud: Strategies for Detection and Investigation, pp.209-213.
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